UNIT-4 INDIAN SOIL | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTE ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE IN ENGLISH |
UNIT-4
INDIAN SOIL
Black soil:
● it is known as Regur soil and black cotton soil best suited for cotton crop
● Soil is derived from basalt rock with high clay
● It is highly retentate you of moisture and compact
● Cotton sugarcane Jowar wheat are best suited
● This soil largely found in Deccan trap Gujarat Maharashtra Karnataka Telangana
Red soil
● They are formed from weathering of granite rock
● They are in red colour more sending and less clay. This soil do not retain moisture
● Found in Tamilnadu Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Karnataka
● It is ideal for Ragi miilets groundnut tobacco
Laterite soil
● it is found in tropical areas under conditions of high temperature and rainfall
● It is found in Western Ghats Chota Nagpur Plateau Meghalaya and Vindhya and
Satpura
● They are leached and not fertile
● Cashew rubber tea coffee are preferred crops
Desert soil
● Formed under desert and semi desert conditions
● Found in North West part of India Rajasthan Haryana
● Have content of soluble salt Sandy and low in moisture
● Which soil is not suitable for cultivation
Mountain soil
● Found on slopes of Mountain Hills and forest
● Formed due to decomposition of organic matter. It is rich in humus and fertile
● It is useful for plantation crops tea coffee and fruits
● It is found in Jammu Kashmir Himachal Pradesh Western Ghat
Soil erosion
● the removal of topsoil by natural agents rivers glaciers winds and sea waves is called
soil erosion
● Causes; deforestation overgrazing shifting cultivation old method of agriculture
production of bricks
Effects
● Loss of soil fertility and fall in agricultural production
● It leads to silting floods change course of rivers and reduce the capacity of reservoir
● Groundwater level decreases to decrease in soil moisture
● Vegetation cover dress up droughts will increase
● Economy get set back
Conservation
protection of soil from erosion and preservation of fertility of soil is called soil conservation
1. Afforestation and reforestation
2. Overgrazing control
3. Contour farming
4. Construction of check dam
5. Contour bunding
6. Gully control and bench terracing.
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