UNIT - VI THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857 | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE |

UNIT - VI
THE FIRST WAR OF INDIAN INDEPENDENCE 1857

The Indian historians termed as first Indian freedom struggle while English historians termed

as the sepoy mutiny

Political reasons:

● due to implementation of doctrine of lapse policy Indian kings had to lose

territories Satara Jaipur Udaipur

● Dalhousie abolished King ships of Thanjavur and Karnatic Nawab

● Many soldiers who was depended on King became unemployed

Economic reasons:

● Indian Handicrafts and industries diminished due to industrialisation

● the artisans of India became unemployed we was suffered a lot Indian handicraft

became pathetic

● British Levied custom tax on Indian goods enters into England

● Farmers were exported by Zamindar

● Inam Commission introduced by British to withdraw the lands.

Administrative reasons:

● British brought many Civil and criminal laws which were lot of partial

● English became the language of court

● English judges were in favour of British

Military reasons:

● Indian soldiers condition was pathetic

● did not have status salary and promotions

● The pressure put on Indian soldiers to work for Overseas

Beginning of the mutiny:

British introduced Royal Enfield guns there was a rumour of guns are smeared with fat of pig

and cow

soldiers at Barrackpore refuse to load the bullets Mangal Pandey shot dead British officer

letter arrested and hang to death.

Spread of the mutiny:

● Indian soldiers refused to use the bullets of new guns this led to the mutiny at Meerut

● Group of soldiers reach Delhi from Meerut entered Red Fort declared Bahadur Shah

II as emperor of India

● Nanasaheb rose in Revolt Tantya Tope was his assistant

● Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai revolted as she angered by doctrine of lapse she captured

Gwalior and died heroic

Reasons for the failure:

● It is not cover every part of India they concentrated on issues of Kings but not

Liberation of the nation

● The war was not well planned

● The unity of British soldiers and disunity among Indians

● The Matinee lacquered direction leadership quality discipline and organising skills

● Indian soldier lacked in military strategies capabilities definite aim

● Indian Kings were loyal to the British and did not support for the war

● Sepoys committed plundering during the war

Results of the war:

1. The Governance of East India company and date and British government

administration started

2. Administration of India handed over to secretary of Indian affairs of England

3. The queen of British passed proclamation in 1858

a. Agreements entered by company with kings are accepted

b. Not pursuance of expansion

c. Stable government for Indians

d. Equality

e. Religious toleration and non interference

● British decided to involve legislation hence policy of association implemented

● The Revolt is like guidepost of future struggles.