UNIT-3 INDIAN CLIMATE | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE IN ENGLISH

UNIT-3

INDIAN CLIMATE

TYPE:

Tropical monsoon climate, because a greater part of India lies in tropical zone and it is

climate is influenced by monsoon winds.

Factors influence on climate:

Location

Water bodies

Relief features

Monsoon winds

Climatic seasons:

1. Winter season

2. Summer season

3. Rainy season

4. Retreating monsoon season

1. The winter season:

● The rays of the sun fall vertically over the South hemisphere India gets oblique raise

hence temperature is low and clear sky.

● It is cool in the North India and warm in South India. January is called coolest month

● Hilly areas of Himalaya Kashmir Himachal Pradesh records lowest temperature

● Drass near Kargil records -4 degree Celsius

● Fog are common . Dew and heavy snowfall takes place

● Annual rainfall is 2%

2. The summer season:

● Sun rays fall vertically over the north hemisphere hence temperature is high in India

● Climatic condition is usually hot dry and sultry

● The highest temperature records at 49.4 degree celsius in Ganganagar

● Convectional rainfall takes place in some parts of India

● Summer season rainfall is called

Andhis in Uttar Pradesh

Kalabaisaki in West Bengal

Mango Shower in Kerala

Coffee blossom in Karnataka

● 10 % Rainfall takes place

3. The rainy season

● It is also called as South West monsoon season

● Since the temperature rises a low pressure area develop our Central India high

pressure creates over Indian Ocean

● Moisture Laden winds blow from southwest towards India 75% rainfall caused during

this season

● there are two branches of Southwest monsoon season Arabian Sea branch and Bay

of Bengal branch

● Heavy rainfall takes place on Western Ghat and decrease towards east

● Heavy rainfall takes place in Bengal branch. Mawsynram in Meghalaya foothills of

Himalaya and Assam

The retreating monsoon season:

● in early October due to decrease in temperature low pressure area replaced by high

pressure area over land mass.

● A low pressure area developed over Bay of Bengal shore winds blow from north east

direction to southwest

● It is a season of unsettled weather condition

● India receive 13 % rainfall

● Cost of Tamil Nadu Andhra Odisha get rain due to tropical cyclone

Distribution of rainfall:

1. Areas with low rainfall; less than 50 cm

Western Kutch Thar Desert Rajasthan Punjab Haryana and Gujarat. really in Jaisalmer

district Rajasthan receive 8. 3 CM rainfall it is called driest place

2. Medium rainfall 50 to 100 CM

Northern Punjab to Kanyakumari.areas between West and East Ghat . West peninsular India

3. Heavy rainfall : 100 to 200 cm

Narrow belt in western Ghat , Jammu hills , Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, west Bengal , North

east India . Mawsynram