UNIT-5 INDIAN FOREST RESOURCES | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH SOCIAL SCIENCE PASSING PACKAGE IN ENGLISH

UNIT-5

INDIAN FOREST RESOURCES

a large area of land covered with trees that undergrowth is called forest. they provide fuel

Timber industrial raw materials for order and employment opportunities

Advantages

● Preserves the physical features

● Check the soil erosion

● Control flood and regulate flow of water

● Prevents desertification

● Helps to improve soil fertility

● Make the climate equipment and help to maintain ecological balance

● They provide shelter to wildlife

Types of forest

1. Tropical evergreen forest:

● They are found areas of heavy rainfall about 250 CM of rainfall

● on Western Ghats North East Hills Assam Tripura Nagaland Andaman and Nicobar

● forest are dense trees grow to a greater height they are always evergreen

● Teak Rosewood Mahogany Gurjan Champa etc

2. Tropical deciduous forest:

● They are found in areas of annual rainfall having 100 to 200 CM

● found in Eastern slopes of Western Ghat Maharashtra Karnataka Kerala Tamil Nadu

Orissa West Bengal

● the trees shed their leaves during the early summer and they are called monsoon

forest

● Teak Sal sandalwood mango name tamarind are the trees found here

3. Scrub and grassland:

● Found in areas of 60to 100 CM of rainfall

● Scrub with short grass chutney trees and bushes are found

● Thar Desert Rajasthan Punjab Gujarat Haryana

4. Desert vegetation:

● Found in annual rainfall of 10 to 50 cm

● Punjab Haryana Rajasthan Deccan Plateau the areas

● Babul cacti khejra jhand etc

5. Mountain forest:

● trees and plants which grow on slopes of Mountain are called mountain forest

● Oak chestnut beach Pine spruce walnut etc

● Found in Himalayas and Nilgiri Hills

6. Mangrove forest:

● found in wet marshy areas in deltas and sea coast

● Rhizapora canes palms sundari

● These trees have stilt like roots or aerial roots

Distribution of forest

The total size of the India's forest coverage is 23. 6 percentage

Where is 60% forest in Himalayan and

Peninsula

Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest coverage and Goa has the least forest coverage.

Conservation of forest:

the prevention of destruction over exploitation of forest and its management is called

conservation of forest

Causes for the destruction of forests:

1. Expansion of agricultural land

2. Construction of roads and Railway

3. Irrigation projects

4. Industrialization and urbanization

5. Overgrazing and forest fire

Measures for the conservation:

1. Control of deforestation

2. Restriction on graze

3. Control of forest fire

4. Control of forest diseases

5. Controlling illegal cutting of trees

6. Legislation to check deforestation

7. Encouragement of afforestation

Wildlife sanctuaries:

● Providing protection to wildlife it is an area where killing and capturing any animals is

prohibited

● 523 Wildlife sanctuaries in India

● Annamalai Madhumalai Dandeli Bharatpur

National parks:

● extension area specially protected to preserve natural beauty wildlife forest for

public recreation

● 99 national parks in India

● Jim Corbett National Park is the first in India

● Kaziranga Sundarban Corbett Bannerghatta nagarahole

Biosphere Reserves:

Special category protected area of land and coastal environment

Biosphere Reserves aim is conservation research education and local environment

Nilgiri Hills is the first biosphere in India established in 1986

There are 18 Biosphere Reserves in India.