UNIT-6 INDIAN WATER RESOURCES | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH PASSING PACKAGE IN ENGLISH

UNIT-6

INDIAN WATER RESOURCES

● One of the most precious natural resources. need for drinking cooking washing

agriculture and hydroelectricity industry navigation and fishing.

● water resource can be divided into surface water and groundwater

● Surface water includes rainfall rivers lakes tank and Springs

Major rivers of India:

The River system of India can be divided into two

North Indian rivers

Peninsular rivers

1. River Indus:

● It Rises near Mount Kailash Tibet flow Northwest and flow south west and entering

Pakistan

● Finally join Arabian Sea near Karachi

● Total length is 2897 km of which 709 km flows in India

● Jhelum Chenab Ravi Satluj are the tributaries

2. River Ganga

● The largest river system of India about 2525 km length

● It rises in Gangotri Glacier join Brahmaputra and continuous Padma river in

Bangladesh

● Finally Rich is Bay of Bengal

● Yamuna Ghagra gandak Ram Ganga Gomti from Kosi are the tributaries of Ganga

● Yamuna is the longest tributary

3. Brahmaputra

● It Rises near Lake Manasarovar Tibet

● Enters India through narrow gorge Arunachal Pradesh

● Joins Ganga River in Bangladesh. 2509 km length

● Tsangpo it is the name of Brahmaputra in Tibet. Jamuna is the name of Brahmaputra

in Bangladesh

South Indian rivers

these are also known as peninsular rivers and can be divided into east flowing and West

flowing rivers.

East flowing rivers:

● Mahanadi rises in siwaha range 851 kilometre join Bay of Bengal

● Godavari largest river in South India rises in Triambaka . 1465 km

● Krishna Rises near Mahabaleshwar 1400 km. Bhima Tungabadra Koyna are

tributaries

● Kaveri Rises at talakaveri. Hemavathi simsa arkavathi suvarnavathi are the

tributaries

West flowing rivers :

● Narmada rises in Amarkantak 1312 km floor in marble gorge joins Arabian Sea

● River Tapi Rises near Multai 724 km. Sabarmati Mandovi zuari Sharavathi Kadi

Netravati are the tributaries

Irrigation:

the artificial supply of water for the purpose of agriculture is called irrigation

Need :

1. Indian is an agricultural countries so need of regular and sufficient supply of water

2. Indian agriculture mainly depends on monsoon it is seasonal uncertain

3. Certain crops require largest water supply

4. To increase production and yield there is a need of regular supply of water

Types:

Well irrigation:

● It is possible in areas of low rainfall very easy and cheap not require any technology

● Best suited for small land holding formers

● it is largely practiced in Ganga plain Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh Bihar

● open well and tubewell are the types of well irrigation

Canal irrigation:

● India has world's largest Canal system

● There are two types inundation canal and perennial canal

● water is drawn directly from rivers without build of dam is called inundation canal

● dams are constructed water is stored in Reservoir and used for agriculture through

canal. these are perennial canal

● Extensively practiced in Uttar Pradesh Punjab Madhya Pradesh Bihar

Tank irrigation

● it is a natural or manmade hallow on surface into which rainwater is collected

● Most of the times are non perennial

● mainly found in Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Rajasthan

Multipurpose river valley projects: Aims :

1. Irrigation

2. Control of flood

3. Generation of hydroelectricity

4. Prevention of soil erosion

5. Develop waterways and fishing

6. Recreation facility

7. Domestic purpose and industrial purpose

8. Afforestation

1. Damodar river valley project:

● The first river valley project of India it has been decided on lines of Tennessee Valley

authority of USA

● River Damodar is called sorrow of Bengal because of causing flood damage to crops

human settlements

● It is constructed to control the flood

● The project jointly undertaken by Bihar and West Bengal

● there are four times at tilaiya Konar Maithon and panchayat. There are three thermal

power stations at Bokaro Durgapur Chandrapur.

2. Bakra Nangal project

● It is the joint venture of Punjab Haryana Rajasthan it is built across the river satellite

and Nangal

● Flood control is the main objective of this project

● 226 metre height it is the highest gravity dam in India

● Govinda Sagara is the reservoir

3. Hirakud project

● it is built across the river Mahanadi at Hirakud Orissa

● It is the longest dam in India

● flood control and irrigation are the main objectives

● Mahanadi is called sorrow of Orissa

4. Tungabhadra project

● It is the joint venture of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh

● Constructed across river Tungabhadra at Malappuram Hospital

● Pampasagara is the reservoir

5. Upper Krishna project

● the biggest river valley project in North Karnataka it is constructed across Krishna

river

● There are two dams constructed almatti and Narayanpur

● Bagalkot vijayapur Yadgir are benefited districts

6. Kosi project

● It is the International project and joint venture of India and Nepal

● this project is constructed across river Kosi in Hanuman Nagar Nepal

● irrigation and flood control are the main objectives.

● Kosi is called sorrow of Bihar

7. The Rihand valley project

● It is built across river Rihand

● Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar is the reservoir

● Flood control and soil erosion and fishing are the main objectives

8. The Nagarjun Sagar project

● it is built across river Krishna at nagarjunakonda Telangana

● irrigation and power generation are the main objective of this project.

Alluvial soil

● It is formed from sediment deposited by rivers

● It contributes great to development of agriculture

● Wheat paddy sugarcane cotton jute potato vegetables are preferred crops to cultivate