UNIT - II THE EXTENSION OF BRITISH RULE | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM |

UNIT - II
THE EXTENSION OF BRITISH RULE

● British got complete political control over Bengal after the Plassey and Buxar

Battles

● Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore along with peshwas of Maratha War the

only impediments in the path of expansion.

● British controlled various kingdoms through policies like subsidiary alliance

and Doctrine of lapse

First anglo-maratha war 1775 to 1782:

● Marathas instilled Shah Alam II back on the Throne of Delhi

● Shah Alam II was under the care of British after Buxar battle

● Alam II gave Khora and Allahabad to Marathas, this resulted in enmity between

Marathas and British

● The death of Madhavrao Peshwa was major setback to Marathas

● Narayan Rao brother of Madhavrao came to power but soon murdered by Raghoba

uncle of Narayana Rao

● Maratha Federation brought Madhavrao II as the Peshwa

● Raghoba approached British for support and lead to the war

● Maratas lost Allahabad and end with Salbai agreement. Madhavrao II was named as

Peshwa

Lord Wellesley 1798 to 1805:

Subsidiary Alliance:

● This policy brought into effect by Wellesley in 1798

● It was in order to bring control over Indian states.

● It is a military production agreement between British and Indian states.

Conditions of subsidiary Alliance:

● Indian king had to keep British army

● The concerned state had to be expenses of Army wage of soldiers and. Collect

revenue out of lands

● The king has to have British resident

● The king could not appoint any other European in the court of the king

● The permission of governor general is mandatory for entering any agreement

● Company would offer protection to the states

● Hyderabad state was the first to enter this agreement later Mysore ,Thanjavur ,Pune

and Gwalior.

Second Anglo Maratha war 1803 to 1805:

● The differences about the Maratha chieftains was the reason for this war

● The war broke out between Vishwanath Rao of Holkar ,Daulat Rao Scindia, Peshwa

Balaji Rao II

● The Army of Holkar defeated Scindia and Peshwa

● Peshwa period for the help of British Lord Wellesley entered in the Maratha affairs

and Peshwa signed for subsidiary Alliance this war and with Treaty of basin.

● Lord Wellesley resigned from his post as you was criticized for the policy followed.

Third Anglo Maratha war 1817 to 1818:

● Maratha family strived their best protect their Independence and honours

● Peshwa attempted to come from British control

● Peshwa attacked British Residency in Pune and burnt out

● Appasaheb of Nagpur, Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against British rule

● Finally Bajirao II fought against British at Koregaon and Ashti later surrendered

● British abolished Peshwa post, Bajirao II got pension , Pratap Sinha,the descended

of Shivaji as the new rule of Satara.

● It is finally suppressed Maratha resistance in India.

Anglo Sikh Wars:

● Political anarchy broke out in Punjab after the death of Ranjit Singh in 1839

● It is violated the continuous friendship pact. This led to the war in 1845

● British and Punjab King signed for Lahore agreement in 1846. Punjab came under

the company

● Sikh opposed British rule in Punjab the position led by chattar Singh Attariwala in

Lahore and Moolraj in Multan.

● Finally Lord Dalhousie merged the state of Punjab with British Empire

Dalhousie and Doctrine of lapse:

● He arrived to India as governor general in 1848 to integrate Indian princely states

with company

● Adopted Doctrine of lapse policy, Indian kings refused of their right to Throne

● If any Indian ruler dies without children their adopted children had no legal right over

the Throne

● Due to the implementation of this policy Princely families and ordinary people

Rebelled , this was finally resulted in Sepoy mutiny of 1857.

● Satara ,Nagpur ,Sambalpur, Udaipur,and Jaipur came under the policy.