UNIT V SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENT | SSLC SOCIAL SCIENCE NOTES ENGLISH MEDIUM | 10TH PASSING PACKAGE IN ENLISH

UNIT V
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS REFORMATION MOVEMENT

● Social reformation is an attempt to reform a society. the basic aim of this movement

is to declare the value of individuals self respect

● 19th century is called New awakening time in history. Because

a. New class of educated Indians created due to English education

b. Many European concepts like democracy nationalism a equality start finding roots

c. Indian Standard analysing the society

d. British to expressed interest in reforming

e. Identity of Indian was born.

“Issues like caste system gender discrimination Sati system widow remarriage denial

of education were address by these moments”

Brahmo Samaj: Raja Ram Mohan Roy

● The chief initiator of social reformation had deep knowledge in Sanskrit version

Arabic Hebrew

● He was well versed in Hindu philosophy and Quran

● He started Atmiya Sabha aim to eradicate socio religious maladies

● He founded brahmo Samaj in 1828

● Due to his efforts then William Bentinck brought in laws the prohibition of Sati in 1829

● He published in journal samvad komudi in Bengali language

Aspects of Brahmo Samaj:

● Advocated monotheism

● Opposed meaningless rituals

● Should live with dignity

● equality to women and opposing polygamy child marriage

● give importance to English education and received good thoughts from West

● Established Vedanta college in Kolkata

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was Harbinger of modern India

Progenitor of social reformation

Prophet of Indian nationalism

- Rabindranath Tagore.

Young Bengal movement:

● The movement started by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. He was an

Anglo Indian. Portuguese Indian parents

● Served as Professor at Hindu College Calcutta

● work towards new education system in India

● He started academic Association a free thinking debate association on nature

humanism and God

● He was an advocate of women rights opposite caste based discrimination

● he believed that rational thinking liberate the people from superstition

● Died at the age of 22 due to cholera.

Arya Samaj : 1875

● It was founded by Dayanand Saraswati in Kathewad

● He was born in 1824 in Kathewad. Parents are Amba Shankar Tiwari , Amrutha Bai

● His old name was Moola Shankar

● He wrote a book satyarth Prakash

● He realised remedies to evils of society are in Vedas hence he declared back to

Vedas. Vedas authentic

Aims :

1. Should believe in one formless God

2. No one is caste based

3. Encourage to inter caste marriage

4. Rejection of polygamy and child marriage

5. Men and women are equal

6. One should study Vedas

7. He started Shuddhi movement an important program of this Samaj in order to bring

back people of other religion

8. Cow protection Association was started

9. Dayanand Anglo Vedic college was established in 1886

10. Gurukula Vidyalaya was started at Haridwar

11. Lala lajpatrai was influenced by the principles of Arya Samaj.

Prarthana Samaj :

● It was founded by Dr Atmaram Panduranga in 1867 at Bombay

● It was finding solutions to various problems faced by women and lower caste

● Undertaken programs like education for women and rehabilitation of poor

● MG Ranade RG Bhandarkar are the main leaders

● Attempted to visit child marriage and injustice on Widows

Satyashodhak Samaj:

● It was founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873

● Aim at rights to non brahmin class and women

● He wrote a book Gulamgiri

● Open schools for Shudras and girls. Allowed people to draw water from his well

● The established hostels for girls

● Dr BR Ambedkar was influenced by work of Jyotiba Phule.

● Savitribai was the wife of Jyotiba Phule and work accordingly.

Aligarh reformation movement:

● Muslim community stayed away from the English education so Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

started this moment

● Mohammedan Liberty society established in 1863 made realisation of the value of

English education

● he fought against superstition ignorance and stressed on intellectual thought

● He did not support for Parda system and opposed polygamy

● He founded Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh later it was named as

Aligarh Muslim University

● Preaching the religious toleration Unity among religions

● Utilised Institutions for western scientific cultural ideas.

Ramakrishna Mission:

● Founded by Swami Vivekananda in in 1897 Belur Kolkata. Ramakrishna Math isn't

Mayavati near Almora Uttaranchal

● The mission was founded to carry the message and thoughts of Sri Ramakrishna

● Vivekananda worked to establish a cashless society. Opposed caste system and

untouchability

● He delivered speech at Chicago in world religions Congress in 1893

● visited Mysore the court of chamaraja Wadiyar 10

● Wrote many books on Gnana Raja Karma and Bhakti yoga

● He stressed education Yoga meditation prayer

● He wanted people to stop following Western ideal blindly

Theosophical society:

● It was founded by madame Blavatsky and HS Alcott

● Established office at Adyar near Madras in 1886

● Aim : comparative study on religion philosophy science to discover indomitable spirit

in humans

● He declared universal brotherhood Veda Upanishad vedantha are important

Annie Besant

● She was from Ireland arrived to India in 1893

● She was born in 1847 and London she advocated Indian culture is superior than

western

● Translated Gita to English she was called as Shweta Saraswati

● Open and many schools Central Hindu College Banaras in 1898

● started to periodicals New India and Commonwealth

● Started Home Rule League Movement in 1916. She was active in freedom struggle

movement

● She became first woman president of INC in 1917

Sree Narayana Dharma paripalana Yogam 1903:

● It was founded by Narayana Guru

● Strengthening backward and exploited community was the aim of this society

● in order to address the issues like untouchability denial of basic rights of human

● He declared one caste one religion one God for human being

● He built temples for backward communities

● He started Vaikom movement. a Temple entry Movement in 1924

Periyar :

● it is a non Brahmin Movement launched agitation demanding representation in

government and opposed restrictions on brahmins

● The movement was led by EV Ramaswamy Nayakar.

● He started self respect movement and self respect League in 1926

● He was called as Periyara senior person

● rejected Rasheed Supremacy and said Tamil is language of dravidians hence he

opposed Sanskrit

● He participated Temple entry movement at Vaikom and became the President of

justice party in 1939

● He formed Association Dravida kalagam

● A championed equality criticized caste gender based discrimination.